ABSTRACT
Online courses are an indispensable part of medical teaching in the new era. Online courses have good prospects, although also with certain problems in practice. As an important basic medical course, medical genetics has both basic theoretical knowledge and clinical cases, involving basic principles and the latest developments. A single online course or offline teaching model cannot meet the needs of subject development and training a new generation of medical professionals. Therefore, actively exploring the online and offline hybrid teaching model is one of the important topics in the current medical teaching reform.
Subject(s)
Genetics, MedicalABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the relationship between urinary tract infection and age of heminephreetorny in duplex kidney infants.Methods The records of infants diagnosed as a duplex kidney and received heminephrectomy were reviewed,who were admitted in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between Aug.2009 to Jul.2013.Results There were 26 duplex kidney infants altogether.Fifteen infants (57.7％) were in urinary tract infection group,age of heminephrectomy was from 2 months to 36 months (3 years),the median age of 7 months.Eleven infants (42.3％) were without urinary tract infection group,and the age of heminephrectomy was from 0.2 months (6 days) to 10.0 months,the median age was 4 months.The age of heminephrectomy was older in urinary tract infection group than that in non-infection group (P =0.045).In urinary tract infection group,all of the 15 infants had presence of lots of white blood cells in the urine before surgery and pyuria was found in the upper pelvis and the ureters when surgery,the result of urine culture was Escherichia coli (4 cases),Klebsiella pneumoriae (1 case),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case),and culture negative 9 cases.In urinary tract infection group,infections could not be healed only by medical management,9 patients had fever and 2 patients had hypoalbuminemia,but all the symptoms were healed after surgery.In the group without urinary tract infection,all of the 11 infants had normal findings by urinalysis and urine culture,and fever and hypoalbuminemia were not present.There was no surgery complication related to lower ages of heminephrectomy and heminephrectomy for duplex kidneys was safe in small infants.Conclusions The rate of urinary tract infection is higher when the age of heminephrectomy is older in duplex kidney infants.Diagnosis and heminephrectomy should be performed early for infants with the poor kidney function since there is on sense to retain the damaged kidneys.